High-altitude Plio–Quaternary fluvial deposits and their implication on the tilt of a horst, western Anatolia, Turkey     

M.L. Süzen  V. Toprak  B. Rojay 《Geomorphology》2006,74(1-4):80-99

This study investigates the origin and regional tectonic implications of high-altitude Plio (?)–Quaternary fluvial deposits developed over the Bozdağ horst which is an important structural element within the horst–graben system of western Anatolia, Turkey.A total of 23 deposits occur near the modern drainage divide comprising fluvial to occasionally lacustrine deposits. The deposits are all elongated in N–S direction with a width / length ratio of 1 / 10. The largest of them is of 13 km in length with a maximum observable thickness of about 100–110 m. Morphological, lithological, deformational characteristics of these deposits and the drainage system of the area all suggest that the deposits were formed due to uplift and southward tilting of the Bozdağ horst. This tilting which is estimated as 1.2° to 2.2° caused accumulation of the stream load along channels flowing from south to north. All the deposits were later dissected by the same streams with the exception of one deposit which still preserves its original lake form. These deposits are of Quaternary age, which corresponds to the latest N–S directed extensional tectonic phase in the region.  相似文献   

南方红土中的磁极倒转以及磁化率变动记录   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘育燕  林文姣  朱宗敏  袁爱华 《地质科技情报》2003,22(3):33-36

江西省修水县杨梅山剖面244个定向样品的岩石磁学研究表明,杨梅山剖面的磁极倒转自上而下分别为布莱克(Blake)K向极性偏移、安比拉(Emperor)反向极性偏移、布客—松山(Brunhes—Matuyama)极性带界线以及上部贾拉米洛(Upper Jaramillo)正向亚带;杨梅山剖面样品的磁性矿物为磁赤铁矿;杨梅山剖面浓度(数量)归一化的磁化率变动和深海氧同位素变化具备较好的一致性,该剖面的磁化率变动对应着深海氧同位素自第5阶至第23阶的变化;杨梅山剖面跨越了布容—松山极性带界线以及深海氧同位素的第19阶,中国南方红土的底界年龄可能大于78Ma,即早于中国北方黄土的L8黄土层。  相似文献   

Facies and basin architecture of the Late Carboniferous Salvan-Dorénaz continental basin (Western Alps, Switzerland/France)     

Nicola Capuzzo  Andreas Wetzel 《Sedimentology》2004,51(4):675-697

The Salvan‐Dorénaz Basin formed during the Late Palaeozoic within the Aiguilles‐Rouges crystalline basement (Western Alps) as an asymmetric, intramontane graben elongated in a NE–SW direction and bounded by active faults. At least 1700 m of fluvial, alluvial fan and volcanic deposits provide evidence for a strong tectonic influence on deposition with long‐term, average subsidence rates of > 0·2 mm yr^?1. The early basin fill was associated with coarse‐grained alluvial fans that were dominated by braided channels (unit I). These issued from the south‐western margin of the basin. The fans then retreated to a marginal position and were overlain by muddy floodplain deposits of an anastomosed fluvial system (unit II) that drained towards the NE. Deposition of thick muds resulted from a reduction in the axial fluvial gradient caused by accelerated tectonic subsidence. Overlying sand‐rich meandering river deposits (unit III) document a reversal in the drainage direction from the NE to the SW caused by synsedimentary tectonism, reflecting large‐scale topographic reorganization in this part of the Variscides with subsidence now preferentially in the W and SW and uplift in the E and NE. Coarse‐grained alluvial fan deposits (unit IV) repeatedly prograded into, and retreated from, the basin as documented by coarsening‐upward cycles tens of metres thick reflecting smaller scale tectonic cycles. Volcanism was active throughout the evolution of the basin, and U/Pb isotopic dating of the volcanic deposits restricts the time of basin development to the Late Carboniferous (308–295 Ma). ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of detrital white mica indicate rapid tectonic movements and exhumation of the nearby basement. In unit I, youngest ages are close to that of the host sediment, but the age spectrum is wide. In unit II, high subsidence and/or sedimentation rates coincide with very narrow age spectra, indicating small, homogeneous catchment areas. In unit III, age spectra became wider again and indicate growing catchment areas.  相似文献   

Reversed polarity patches at the CMB and geomagnetic field reversal     

徐文耀  魏自刚 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(6):540-549

The International Geomagnetic Reference Field models (IGRF) for 1900–2000 are used to calculate the geomagnetic field distribution in the Earth’ interior from the ground surface to the core-mantle boundary (CMB) under the assumption of insulated mantle. Four reversed polarity patches, as one of the most important features of the CMB field, are revealed. Two patches with +Z polarity (downward) at the southern African and the southern American regions stand out against the background of ™Z polarity (upward) in the southern hemisphere, and two patches of ™Z polarity at the North Polar and the northern Pacific regions stand out against the +Z background in the northern hemisphere. During the 1900–2000 period the southern African (SAF) patch has quickly drifted westward at a speed of 0.20–.3° /a; meanwhile its area has expanded 5 times, and the magnetic flux crossing the area has intensified 30 times. On the other hand, other three patches show little if any change during this 100-year period. Extending upward, each of the reversed polarity patches at the CMB forms a chimney-shaped “reversed polarity column” in the mantle with the bottom at the CMB. The height of the SAF column has grown rapidly from 200km in 1900 to 900km in 2000. If the column grows steadily at the same rate in the future, its top will reach to the ground surface in 600–700 years. And then a reversed polarity patch will be observed at the Earth’s surface, which will be an indicator of the beginning of a magnetic field reversal. On the basis of this study, one can describe the process of a geomagnetic polarity reversal, the polarity reversal may be observed firstly in one or several local regions; then the areas of these regions expand, and at the same time, other new reversed polarity regions may appear. Thus several poles may exist during a polarity reversal.  相似文献   

横向沙丘表面气流湍流特征野外观测     

张正偲  董治宝 《地理科学》2015,35(5):652-657

沙丘形态动力学特征是风沙地貌的重要研究内容之一,受观测技术等的限制,现有的关于沙丘形态动力学特征的研究成果还不能满足沙丘形成与演化过程研究的需要。利用三维超声风速仪对腾格里沙漠的横向沙丘表面气流特征进行野外观测,结果表明,沙丘脊线和迎风坡中部的气流均为未偏向流,而沙丘背风坡不同高度的气流包括反向流,偏向流和未偏向流。湍流强度、雷诺应力和气流丰富度随气流方向变化而变化,其在沙丘脊线和中部的变化趋势比较简单且有大致相似的规律,而其在沙丘背风坡不同高度比较复杂。  相似文献   

金沙江巧家-新市镇河段的水系变迁   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李郎平  杨达源  黄典  葛兆帅  胥勤勉  王先彦 《第四纪研究》2009,29(2):327-333

水系结构特征指示金沙江巧家-新市镇河段原本存在两条相向的互不连通的古水系,往南流的西溪河-白鹤滩-巧家古水系和往北流的牛栏江河口段-永善-新市镇古水系。地貌、沉积学和阶地堆积物重矿物成分等分析也表明巧家-白鹤滩河段古水系曾是向南流的,现今巧家-白鹤滩河段的北流是被袭夺而发生倒流的结果,金沙江是后来才贯通的。第四纪以来云南高原的拱升使西溪河-白鹤滩-巧家古水系南流受阻,并在牛栏江河口段-永善-新市镇古水系的支流对坪河的溯源侵蚀下被袭夺,造成巧家-白鹤滩河段的倒流和金沙江巧家-新市镇河段的连通。阶地堆积物的ESR测年数据显示,巧家-白鹤滩河段的倒流、金沙江-川江水系的贯通发生在1Ma左右。
  相似文献   

High‐resolution and super stacking of time‐reversal mirrors in locating seismic sources     

W. Cao  S. M. Hanafy  G. T. Schuster  G. Zhan  C. Boonyasiriwat 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(1):1-17

Time reversal mirrors can be used to backpropagate and refocus incident wavefields to their actual source location, with the subsequent benefits of imaging with high‐resolution and super‐stacking properties. These benefits of time reversal mirrors have been previously verified with computer simulations and laboratory experiments but not with exploration‐scale seismic data. We now demonstrate the high‐resolution and the super‐stacking properties in locating seismic sources with field seismic data that include multiple scattering. Tests on both synthetic data and field data show that a time reversal mirror has the potential to exceed the Rayleigh resolution limit by factors of 4 or more. Results also show that a time reversal mirror has a significant resilience to strong Gaussian noise and that accurate imaging of source locations from passive seismic data can be accomplished with traces having signal‐to‐noise ratios as low as 0.001. Synthetic tests also demonstrate that time reversal mirrors can sometimes enhance the signal by a factor proportional to the square root of the product of the number of traces, denoted as N and the number of events in the traces. This enhancement property is denoted as super‐stacking and greatly exceeds the classical signal‐to‐noise enhancement factor of . High‐resolution and super‐stacking are properties also enjoyed by seismic interferometry and reverse‐time migration with the exact velocity model.  相似文献   

Reenvisioning velocity reversal as a diversity of hydraulic patch behaviours          下载免费PDF全文

Michael A. Strom  Gregory B. Pasternack  Joshua R. Wyrick 《水文研究》2016,30(13):2348-2365

Past research investigated the surpassing of mean velocity at riffle cross sections by that at pool cross sections for flows up to bankfull, termed ‘velocity reversals’, to understand one mechanism by which riffle–pool relief is maintained. This study reenvisioned the classic velocity reversal by documenting stage‐dependent changes to the locations of peak velocity without cross sections. Instead, the dynamics of peak velocity patches were considered for flows spanning 0.2 to 22 times bankfull discharge through the use of a high‐resolution DEM and two‐dimensional hydrodynamic modelling. A remarkable diversity in peak velocity patch behaviour was found across discharges, including gradual expansion and shifting as well as abrupt disappearance and emergence relative to the low‐flow patch locations. These behaviours blended together to varying degrees to produce many reversals in peak velocity across morphological units, but it took substantially higher than bankfull discharge for peak velocities to move from riffles and chutes to fast glides and pools. The discharges at which reversals occurred among morphological units were significantly higher for the valley‐confined reach than for the anastomosing reach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于波场分离的弹性波逆时偏移   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王维红  张伟  石颖  柯璇 《地球物理学报》2017,60(7):2813-2824

尽管叠前逆时偏移成像精度高,但仅针对单一纵波的成像也可能形成地下介质成像盲区,由于基于弹性波方程的逆时偏移成像可形成多波模式的成像数据,因此弹性波逆时偏移成像可提供更为丰富的地下构造信息.本文依据各向同性介质的一阶速度-应力方程组构建震源和检波点矢量波场,再利用Helmholtz分解提取纯纵波和纯横波波场,使用震源归一化的互相关成像条件获得纯波成像,避免了直接使用坐标分量成像而引起的纵横波串扰问题.针对转换波成像的极性反转问题,文中提出一种共炮域极性校正方法.为有效节约存储成本,也提出一种适用于弹性波逆时偏移的震源波场逆时重建方法,在震源波场正传过程中,仅保存PML边界内若干层的速度分量波场,进而逆时重建出所有分量的震源波场.本文分别对地堑模型和Marmousi2模型进行了弹性波逆时偏移成像测试,结果表明:所提出的共炮域极性校正方法正确有效,基于波场分离的弹性波逆时偏移成像的纯波数据能够对复杂地下构造准确成像.  相似文献   

岩石裂纹扩展微观机制声发射定量反演   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王笑然  李楠  王恩元  刘晓斐 《地球物理学报》2020,63(7):2627-2643

岩石受载内部微裂纹扩展及其震源机制反演有助于认识宏观裂纹扩展过程的非线性断裂力学行为.借助声发射监测手段,本文建立了仅涉及微裂纹张开/闭合和剪切滑移的位移不连续震源模型,通过各位置处传感器耦合质量标定及点源远场P波矩张量反演获得了含预制裂纹砂岩受载过程的震源机制解及时变响应特征,在全局坐标系下分析了微裂纹的三种断裂力学行为.结果表明:在位移不连续模型中,震源矩张量特征值与试样泊松比之间必须满足特定约束条件,该约束条件下的优化问题可采用拉格朗日乘子和Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法求解;受载砂岩裂纹扩展过程中,声发射震源以剪切滑移机制占优,微裂纹空间取向及运动方向与试样宏观主裂纹夹角平均值分别为40.9°和17.7°;对微裂纹体积分解表明岩体微观破裂机制以沿X方向I型张开为主,而沿Y方向的II型断裂滑移方向与试样全局变形方向相一致,由于试样内部晶粒分布非均质性造成了少量沿Z方向的III型平面外微裂纹滑移行为;受载砂岩裂纹扩展过程中微裂纹模式角与震源极性值变化趋势一致、利用震源震级评估的局部应力降值与实验观测结果相吻合,这两者均表明了位移不连续模型在震源机制定量反演中的适用性.  相似文献